Convert-Me.Com - online units conversion
Instant conversion pages: weight, length, volume, weight to volume, area, cooking, pressure, more...
slope?
Forum rules
Dear convert-me.com forum visitors,
Our forum has been available for many years. In September 2014 we decided to switch it to read-only mode. Month after month we saw less posts with questions and answers from real people and more spam posts. We were spending more and more resources cleaning the spam until there were less them 1 legitimate message per 100 spam posts. Then we decided it's time to stop.
All the posts in the forum will be available and searchable. We understand there are a lot of useful information and we aren't going to remove anything. As for the new questions, you can always ask them on convert-me.com FaceBook page
Thank you for being with us and sorry for any inconveniences this could caused.
Dear convert-me.com forum visitors,
Our forum has been available for many years. In September 2014 we decided to switch it to read-only mode. Month after month we saw less posts with questions and answers from real people and more spam posts. We were spending more and more resources cleaning the spam until there were less them 1 legitimate message per 100 spam posts. Then we decided it's time to stop.
All the posts in the forum will be available and searchable. We understand there are a lot of useful information and we aren't going to remove anything. As for the new questions, you can always ask them on convert-me.com FaceBook page
Thank you for being with us and sorry for any inconveniences this could caused.
11 posts
• Page 1 of 1
slope?
by braindead » Mon Jan 22, 2007 7:58 am
How do you calculate slope? If a pipe is 10m deep, and its sloping up at .12 %, then how much does it rise over one length of pipe.(Pipes are 13feet). I need to lay 240 feet of pipe, and I only have the one invert at the start point, (10m), I have a percentage (.12), so what do I set the grade stick at. 10m - ? = lenght of my grade stick. How do I figure out the "?", so I can set my stick and lay this pipe. I have to get the slope right or the pipe will be in the wrong place after 240 ft. What is my equation. Please help.
- braindead
by Dirtman » Mon Jan 22, 2007 3:29 pm
Answering both of your questions here.
Is the specified slope of the pipe 0.6% or 0.12%? By what you stated in your first post, I’ll assume it’s 0.6% as 0.12% is quite flat.
Be VERY careful when dealing with percentages and decimal equivalents! They can be easily confused. 0.6% divided by 100 equals a decimal equivalent of 0.006, which is per length unit, whether feet or meters.
I will tell you from experience that if you have a grade rod that’s in feet, convert metric units to feet and use feet for all calculations. By the same token, if it’s a metric grade rod, use meters or centimeters. Trying to convert from system to system when you’re under the gun can be a disaster!
I strongly suggest you set a TBM (temporary bench mark) on something solid before you start any pipe installation. Unless the existing joint is anchored on some type of foundation, it is movable. Even if it is anchored, when you install the first joint, your elevation control is now gone!
Assuming your grade rod is in feet and tenths. Convert the invert elevation from meters to feet. 10m / 0.3048 = 32.81 feet.
To calculate rise per each pipe joint: Each pipe is 13' long (measured from the inside of the bell end to the end of the spigot end). The finished slope of the pipe will be 0.012 per foot (1.2%), so, 0.012' * 13' = 0.156' rise per joint.
The rise of each 13' joint of pipe is cumulative from the original invert elevation of 32.81 feet. At the end of the first joint, the new invert will be 32.97' (32.81 + 0.156), then 33.12' (32.97 + 0.156), etc..
Although you can calculate each joint, it’s easier to use total feet of new pipe. Multiply 0.012 by the total length of the new installed pipe. If three joints are installed, that would be 39', so 39 * 0.012 = 0.468'. Add this to 32.81 and you have a new invert elevation of 33.28, located 39' from the beginning invert elevation.
The formula here would be PL*0.012+32.81 = New Invert Elevation, where PL = pipe length, 0.012 = specified slope and 32.81 = the beginning invert elevation.
If you have a direct elevation rod (called a “Linker rod”), at the known pipe invert, set the linker rod to 2.81 feet. As the elevation is actually 32.81 feet, remember to add the 30' you don’t see! Now you can either set the rod AT the new invert elevation you want and read the existing elevation directly or set the rod tape TO the elevation you want and raise or lower the pipe.
If you have a standard level rod (Philadelphia, San Francisco, etc), where zero always begins at the bottom of the rod, first determine the height of the instrument (HI).
How do you determine the HI? Set up and level the instrument (laser, transit, etc.). Place the rod on a known elevation, in this case, the existing pipe invert. Look through the instrument (or raise the laser detector until it emits a continuous tone) and record the rod reading. Add to this the known elevation. If the rod reading is 8.22', add 32.81 (the invert elevation) to obtain the height of the instrument, which would be 41.03 feet. Use this HI for all elevation calculations.
To determine the elevation of any subsequent point, subtract the rod reading at that point from the HI. This is the elevation of that point.
To determine a rod reading for ‘x’ elevation, subtract the elevation you need from the HI. A good example would be the invert elevation at the end of the first joint, which is 32.97. The HI of 41.03 - 32.97 = 8.06, the rod reading you will have when the pipe is on grade.
It’s late and I’m tired, so my answer could be more confusing than it should be but if you have any questions on what can be a confusing subject for a novice grade checker, feel free to ask.
George
Is the specified slope of the pipe 0.6% or 0.12%? By what you stated in your first post, I’ll assume it’s 0.6% as 0.12% is quite flat.
Be VERY careful when dealing with percentages and decimal equivalents! They can be easily confused. 0.6% divided by 100 equals a decimal equivalent of 0.006, which is per length unit, whether feet or meters.
I will tell you from experience that if you have a grade rod that’s in feet, convert metric units to feet and use feet for all calculations. By the same token, if it’s a metric grade rod, use meters or centimeters. Trying to convert from system to system when you’re under the gun can be a disaster!
I strongly suggest you set a TBM (temporary bench mark) on something solid before you start any pipe installation. Unless the existing joint is anchored on some type of foundation, it is movable. Even if it is anchored, when you install the first joint, your elevation control is now gone!
Assuming your grade rod is in feet and tenths. Convert the invert elevation from meters to feet. 10m / 0.3048 = 32.81 feet.
To calculate rise per each pipe joint: Each pipe is 13' long (measured from the inside of the bell end to the end of the spigot end). The finished slope of the pipe will be 0.012 per foot (1.2%), so, 0.012' * 13' = 0.156' rise per joint.
The rise of each 13' joint of pipe is cumulative from the original invert elevation of 32.81 feet. At the end of the first joint, the new invert will be 32.97' (32.81 + 0.156), then 33.12' (32.97 + 0.156), etc..
Although you can calculate each joint, it’s easier to use total feet of new pipe. Multiply 0.012 by the total length of the new installed pipe. If three joints are installed, that would be 39', so 39 * 0.012 = 0.468'. Add this to 32.81 and you have a new invert elevation of 33.28, located 39' from the beginning invert elevation.
The formula here would be PL*0.012+32.81 = New Invert Elevation, where PL = pipe length, 0.012 = specified slope and 32.81 = the beginning invert elevation.
If you have a direct elevation rod (called a “Linker rod”), at the known pipe invert, set the linker rod to 2.81 feet. As the elevation is actually 32.81 feet, remember to add the 30' you don’t see! Now you can either set the rod AT the new invert elevation you want and read the existing elevation directly or set the rod tape TO the elevation you want and raise or lower the pipe.
If you have a standard level rod (Philadelphia, San Francisco, etc), where zero always begins at the bottom of the rod, first determine the height of the instrument (HI).
How do you determine the HI? Set up and level the instrument (laser, transit, etc.). Place the rod on a known elevation, in this case, the existing pipe invert. Look through the instrument (or raise the laser detector until it emits a continuous tone) and record the rod reading. Add to this the known elevation. If the rod reading is 8.22', add 32.81 (the invert elevation) to obtain the height of the instrument, which would be 41.03 feet. Use this HI for all elevation calculations.
To determine the elevation of any subsequent point, subtract the rod reading at that point from the HI. This is the elevation of that point.
To determine a rod reading for ‘x’ elevation, subtract the elevation you need from the HI. A good example would be the invert elevation at the end of the first joint, which is 32.97. The HI of 41.03 - 32.97 = 8.06, the rod reading you will have when the pipe is on grade.
It’s late and I’m tired, so my answer could be more confusing than it should be but if you have any questions on what can be a confusing subject for a novice grade checker, feel free to ask.
George
- Dirtman
- Expert
- Posts: 574
- Joined: Sat Jan 21, 2006 2:04 pm
- Location: California
Slope of pipe calcuation
by Naz » Thu Mar 19, 2009 8:58 pm
Hi,
Just to confirm:
Distance from MH1A to MH2A = 240m
Vertical Drop between MH1A to MH2A = 3.75m
So the slope caculation for the pipe between MH1A to MH2A is as follows:
3.75/240 = 0.14
Thus the pipe slope is 14% or 14m drop per 100m
Is this correct?
Just to confirm:
Distance from MH1A to MH2A = 240m
Vertical Drop between MH1A to MH2A = 3.75m
So the slope caculation for the pipe between MH1A to MH2A is as follows:
3.75/240 = 0.14
Thus the pipe slope is 14% or 14m drop per 100m
Is this correct?
- Naz
Re: Slope of pipe calcuation
by Dirtman » Fri Mar 20, 2009 12:12 am
Naz wrote:Hi,
Just to confirm:
Distance from MH1A to MH2A = 240m
Vertical Drop between MH1A to MH2A = 3.75m
So the slope caculation for the pipe between MH1A to MH2A is as follows:
3.75/240 = 0.14
Thus the pipe slope is 14% or 14m drop per 100m
Is this correct?
No, you had a simple error in your calculation.
3.75m/240m = 0.0156. 0.0156*100 = 1.56% slope, which is 1.56m per 100m.
A quick check: 240m*0.0156 = 3.75m
- Dirtman
- Expert
- Posts: 574
- Joined: Sat Jan 21, 2006 2:04 pm
- Location: California
degree fall
by ranjith » Tue Jul 21, 2009 1:40 pm
i would like to know abt the degree fall in piping.... that is in one drawing i found that the line is having .6degree fall...... total length 2500mm.how can i found the difference
- ranjith
Re: degree fall
by Dirtman » Wed Jul 22, 2009 12:14 pm
ranjith wrote:i would like to know abt the degree fall in piping.... that is in one drawing i found that the line is having .6degree fall...... total length 2500mm.how can i found the difference
Assuming the adjacent side of the right triangle is horizontal, tangent of Theta * 2500 mm will give you the vertical rise (in like units) of the opposite side so:
(tan)0.6º * 2500mm;
0.01047236 * 2500mm = 26.18 mm
- Dirtman
- Expert
- Posts: 574
- Joined: Sat Jan 21, 2006 2:04 pm
- Location: California
Re: slope?
by John35 » Thu Jul 21, 2011 12:47 am
I have 185 lft of 12" diameter pipe to be installed at 0.75% what would be the vertical drop?
- John35
Re: slope?
by Dirtman » Sat Jul 23, 2011 7:19 am
John35 wrote:I have 185 lft of 12" diameter pipe to be installed at 0.75% what would be the vertical drop?
(0.75%/100)*185 LF = 1.3875 ft, or in inches, 16-5/8"
- Dirtman
- Expert
- Posts: 574
- Joined: Sat Jan 21, 2006 2:04 pm
- Location: California
More info
11 posts
• Page 1 of 1