No simple "conversion" is possible as they are different things and the calculation is complex.
The becquerel is a measure of nuclear decays per second from an amount of material. It is indifferent to whether the emissions are alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, gamma rays, etc. To get to absorbed dose, you need to know the number of each type and energies.
Absorbed dose measures the energy absorded per kilogram and has to consider the energy type, the amount of energy per particle, the probability of absorbtion (gamma rays may pass right through). For effective dose, sieverts or rems, a "quality of radiation" is also considered as some do more damage.
I'm an engineer and I couldn't find any guides on the web that would make me feel competent to
do the calculation vs discuss the complexity. This link might be a start at understanding it.
http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/uso/hs/rad/intro.html