by Guest » Sun Apr 03, 2005 8:19 pm
Weights and measures were not well standardized between countries in pre-metric Europe. Some of these don't seem to be uniquely Spanish (or Spanish at all) so it is important to understand the variation. I just Googled the words and looked at the variation I found.
Looking at weight first:
*cwt: abbreviation for hundredweight ( C is Roman numeral for 100). In US, 100 lbs. 45.36 kg. In the UK, a hundredweight is 8 stone, or 112 lbs, 50.8 kg. It seems to be an English language unit. You'd need to know country of origin where they traded.
quintal: Used in several European countries to represent 100 local pounds of different sizes. French, Spanish, Portuguese quintals were about 49, 46, 59 kg respectively. Later "adopted" as a special name for 100 kg, roughly twice as much.
arroba: unit of weight in Spain (25 lbs, 11.3 kg) and Portugal (32 lbs, 14.4 kg). Used in modern Brazil as 15 kg cotton or 30 kg live weight for cattle (???does this estimate dressed weight when butchered???). It was also a measure of liquid volume in Spanish countries, 16.7 L of wine.
Volume
Barrel, hogshead, pipes and butts seem to be UK terms (also used in US) for wine and ale. Generally, a hogshead is two barrels. Pipe and butt are two names for the same thing, 4 barrels or 2 hogsheads. But different size barrels were used for beer, wine, ale. A wine barrel is 119.3 L. a beer barrel, 163.6 L.
In the US, a hogshead could be 54 gallon beer, 100 gallon molasses or 400-2000 lbs of tobacco.
The main modern use of barrel is petroleum, 42 US gallons exactly, about 159 L.
With date, country of origin, and commodity, you might be able to narrow the ranges, but I think you can only get rough estimates of modern amounts.