by Guest » Thu Dec 22, 2005 5:39 am
Probably a longer answer than you want, but here goes.
A "real" calorie is the amount of energy that heats 1 g of water 1 degree C. This is a very small amount of heat. There is also a kilocalorie or Calorie (with a capital "C") which heats 1 kg of water 1 degree C. The "calorie" used in nutrition is really a kilocalorie or Calorie. In any case, the calorie is a lousy unit because the heat capacity of water is not constant, and there are at least six definitions of the calorie in common use, based on the initial and final temperatures of the water heated.
A nutritional calorie (kcal) = 4.1868 kJ based on the calorie defined in the International Steam Table, 1956. You may encounter other values that vary 1-2%. Since you aren't a steam engine, the thermochemical calorie might be better suited, and the value would be 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ. These are the two most common definitions. Note the joule or kilojoule is precisely defined, it is the calorie that has a variable definition.
The joule is a well defined unit of energy, whether it is heat, mechanical, electrical, or other form of energy. The calorie is a deprecated unit in the International System of units, and the kJ should be used to measure nutritional energy. It commonly is in some countries, but not the US.